Labor law regulates the relationship between employers and employees, covering wages, working conditions, and workplace safety. Knowing these laws helps workers protect their rights and employers maintain compliance.
2.1 Minimum Wage and Overtime
- Federal minimum wage: $7.25/hour (some states higher).
- Overtime: 1.5x regular rate after 40 hours/week.
2.2 Workplace Safety
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets safety standards:
- Employers must provide hazard-free workplaces.
- Employees can request OSHA inspections.
- Whistleblowers are protected from retaliation.
2.3 Discrimination and Harassment
Protected characteristics under federal law:
- Race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, age (40+).
- Sexual harassment is prohibited.
Employees can file complaints with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
2.4 Family and Medical Leave
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) allows eligible employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for:
- Birth/adoption of a child.
- Serious health conditions.
- Caring for a family member.
2.5 Wrongful Termination
Employees cannot be fired for:
- Discrimination.
- Retaliation for reporting violations.
- Exercising legal rights.
2.6 Wage Theft and Unpaid Wages
Workers can:
- File claims with the Department of Labor.
- Sue for unpaid wages, overtime, or benefits.
2.7 FAQ
Q: Can my employer lower my pay without notice?
A: Generally no, unless allowed by contract or state law.
Q: Are all employees entitled to overtime?
A: No, “exempt” employees are excluded.
Q: What if I’m injured at work?
A: Workers’ compensation laws provide benefits.
Conclusion: Labor laws safeguard fairness and safety in the workplace. Both employees and employers benefit from understanding them.