Labor law governs relationships between employees, employers, and unions. It ensures workplace safety, fair wages, and protection against discrimination. The U.S. follows the employment-at-will principle, allowing either party to terminate employment for legal reasons, with exceptions for contracts, union agreements, or illegal discrimination.
Wages, Hours, and Overtime
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) sets minimum wage and overtime rules. Non-exempt employees receive 1.5 times their regular rate for hours over 40 weekly. Exempt employees, including executives or professionals, typically do not earn overtime. Correct classification is essential to avoid violations.
Workplace Safety
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates safe working conditions. Employees can report unsafe environments without retaliation. Employers must maintain equipment, provide training, and report serious incidents.
Anti-Discrimination Protections
Title VII, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act prohibit discrimination based on race, sex, religion, age, or disability. Employees may file complaints with the EEOC or state agencies.
Family and Medical Leave
FMLA allows eligible employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for personal or family medical needs while maintaining health benefits. Understanding eligibility and rights ensures compliance and protection.
Labor Unions and Collective Bargaining
Employees may join or form unions. Collective bargaining agreements regulate wages, benefits, and working conditions. Employers cannot retaliate, and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) enforces these rights.
Wrongful Termination and Benefits
Employees may seek remedies for unlawful termination, including reinstatement, back pay, or damages. Labor law also governs workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance, and retirement benefits, ensuring fairness and protection.