Labor law governs the relationship between employers and employees, ensuring fair treatment, safe conditions, and legal compliance. In the U.S., these laws are shaped by federal and state regulations.
1. At-Will Employment
Most U.S. jobs are “at-will,” meaning either the employer or employee can terminate the job at any time without cause. However, exceptions exist for:
- Discrimination
- Retaliation
- Breach of contract
2. Key Federal Protections
- Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) – Establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, and recordkeeping rules.
- Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) – Ensures workplace safety standards.
- Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) – Grants eligible employees unpaid, job-protected leave for family or health reasons.
- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act – Prohibits employment discrimination.
3. State-Specific Protections
States can impose higher minimum wages, stricter safety rules, and expanded leave rights.
4. Wage and Hour Rights
Employees are entitled to at least the federal minimum wage ($7.25/hour), but many states require more. Overtime (time-and-a-half) applies after 40 hours per week for non-exempt employees.
5. Workplace Discrimination
Illegal discrimination includes unfair treatment based on race, gender, religion, age, disability, or sexual orientation.
Conclusion
Knowing your labor rights helps you address workplace issues and seek remedies when violations occur.