Tenant law covers the legal relationship between renters (tenants) and landlords. It defines what landlords must provide, what tenants must do, and how disputes are resolved. These rules vary by state, but there are common federal protections.
3.1 Lease Agreements
- Written Leases: Outline rent amount, due dates, security deposits, and responsibilities.
- Oral Agreements: Legally binding in some states but harder to enforce.
- Fixed-Term vs. Month-to-Month: Fixed-term leases lock in terms; month-to-month can be ended with proper notice.
3.2 Landlord Obligations
Landlords must:
- Provide habitable housing (heat, water, electricity).
- Follow building and safety codes.
- Make timely repairs.
- Return security deposits promptly (minus lawful deductions).
3.3 Tenant Rights
Tenants have the right to:
- Live in safe, clean housing.
- Privacy (landlord must give notice before entering).
- Be free from discrimination under the Fair Housing Act.
- Receive proper notice before eviction.
3.4 Security Deposits
- States limit how much can be charged (often 1–2 months’ rent).
- Deductions allowed only for unpaid rent, damage beyond normal wear, or lease violations.
- Must be returned within a set period after move-out.
3.5 Evictions
Legal eviction requires:
- Written notice.
- Opportunity to fix the problem (in some cases).
- Court order—landlords cannot change locks or shut off utilities themselves.
3.6 Repairs and Maintenance
If a landlord fails to make repairs:
- Tenants may withhold rent (in certain states).
- Pay for repairs and deduct from rent.
- File complaints with local housing authorities.
3.7 FAQs
Q: Can my landlord raise the rent anytime?
A: In fixed-term leases, no; in month-to-month, yes with proper notice unless rent control applies.
Q: Can I be evicted without going to court?
A: No, self-help evictions are illegal.
Q: What if my landlord refuses to fix major issues?
A: You may have legal remedies, including rent withholding.
Conclusion: Tenant law balances landlord and tenant interests. Knowing your rights can prevent disputes and ensure fair treatment.